S.M Imran Alvi (Applicant) VS GM Master Changan Motors Ltd. (Respondent)

ORDER SHEET

IN THE HIGH COURT OF SINDH, CIRCUIT COURT, HYDERABAD.

R.A.No.S-147 of 2025

Applicant: S.M. Imran Alvi son of Muhammad Shafi through M/s Muhammad Zakaria and Lala Imtiaz Pathan, Advocates.

Respondents: General Manager Master Changan Motors Ltd. & another through Mr. S. Asad H. Kazmi, Advocate.

Date of Hearing: 18.05.2026.

Date of Order 25.05.2026

JUDGMENT

Syed Fiaz ul Hassan Shah, J:- This appeal arises out of the Judgment dated 28.08.2025 (impugned Order) passed by the learned District Judge, Hyderabad (lower Appellate Court) in Appeal No.15 of 2025 ƐĞƫ ŶŐ ĂƐŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ K ƌĚĞƌ ĚĂƚĞĚ ϭϬ͘ ϭϬ͘ ϮϬϮϮ ƉĂƐƐĞĚ ďLJ ƚŚĞ ŝǀ ŝů Judge/ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽƵƌƚ͕ , LJĚĞƌĂďĂĚ(trial Court) whereby the complaint filed by the appellant was dismissed on the ground of ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJĂŶĚũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞĂƉƉĞůůĂŶƚŚĂƐĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞĚƚŚĞƐĂŝĚ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƟŶŐfindings ďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚŝƐŽƵƌƚƵŶĚĞƌ^ĞĐƟŽŶ 115 CPC and ^ĞĐƟŽŶ ϯ κŽĨƚŚĞ^ŝŶĚŚŽŶƐƵŵĞƌWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĐƚ͕ ϮϬϭκ(Act 2014).

2.Brief facts of the case were that the appellant booked a motor Car Alsvin 1.5 L DCt Lumiere Grey Color (car) with the Respondent No.1-manufacturer through its authorized Dealer (Respondent No.2) ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ZƐ͘ Ϯς͕ ϯ ε͕ ϬϬϬͬ -. Upon payment of part ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ, such Booking order form ĂůŽŶŐǁ ŝƚŚdĞƌŵƐΘŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ (page-133-135) (PBO) ǁ ĂƐ ŝƐƐƵĞĚ ƌĞŇĞĐƟŶŐ Ă ƚĞŶƚĂƟǀ Ğ ĚĞůŝǀ ĞƌLJ ƟŵĞůŝŶĞ of November 2021. ŌĞƌƉĂLJŵĞŶƚŽĨĨƵůůĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶǀ ŝĚĞ Pay Order No.2304533 dated 19.11.2021, the Respondents failed to deliver car.

3.ŌĞƌǁ ĂƌĚƐ͕ ǁ ŚĞŶƉƉůŝĐĂŶƚĐŽŶƚĂĐƚĞĚƚŽĚĞůŝǀ ĞƌLJŽĨƐĂŝĚĐĂƌŽŶ ϭϬ͘ ϭϮ͘ ϮϬϮϭ͕ ŽŶƚŚĂƚƉŽŝŶƚŽĨƟŵĞƚŚĞZĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐĚĞŵĂŶĚĞĚĞdžƚƌĂ

R.A.No.S-147 of 2025

payment of Rs.2,75,000/- ǁ ŚŝĐŚŚĂƐďĞĐŽŵĞĂďŽŶĞŽĨĐŽŶƚĞŶƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁ ĞĞŶƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĞƐ͘

4.The Counsel for Applicant contends that despite receiving of full ƉĂLJŵĞŶƚŽŶϭε͘ ϭϭ͘ ϮϬϮϭ͕ ƚŚĞZĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐŬĞƉƚĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽĚĞůĂLJƚŚĞ delivery of the car which show the malafides on the part of the ZĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐ͘ , ĞĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĐŽŶƚĞŶĚƐƚŚĂƚĂŌĞƌĂůŵŽƐƚĂŌĞƌϮϭĚĂLJƐ͕ ŽŶ 10.12.201 the Respondents illegally claimed enhanced value of Rs.2, 75, 000/- ǁ ŚĞŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚǁ ĂƐĂĐƚĞĚƵƉŽŶďLJƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĞƐĚƵĞƚŽ receiving of the full and final payment and in case there was some revision in the price by invoking clause-ϮĂŶĚϯ ŽĨƚŚĞWK ͕ ƐƟůůƚŚĞ Respondents ought not to receive full and final payment rather to ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƚŚĞĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚƉƌŝĐĞĂŶĚƚŚŝƐĂĐƚŽƌŽŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĂƩ ƌĂĐƚƚŚĞ ƉƌŽǀ ŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƵŶĨĂŝƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĞĂŶĚŚĞƌĞůŝĞĚƵƉŽŶĐĂƐĞŽĨD ŽŚƐŝŶďďĂƐ vs. Suzuki Motors Company Ltd, PLD 2025 Isl 14 that although it was ŚĞůĚ ǁ ŚŝůĞ ĚĞĂůŝŶŐ ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ^ƚĂƚƵƚĞƐ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞĚ ŝŶ /ƐůĂŵĂďĂĚĂŶĚŵĂƩ ĞƌƌĞƐŽůǀ ĞĚƉĞŶĂůƉƌŽǀ ŝƐŝŽŶƐ͕ ďƵƚƐĂŵĞĂƩ ƌĂĐƚĞĚ for the present facts in the case.

5.The Respondents firstly argued that the trial Court has no ũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶƚŽƚƌLJĚŝƐƉƵƚĞŽĨĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂůŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐĞĐƟŽŶϮ;ƋͿ ƌĞĂĚǁ ŝƚŚ^ĞĐƟŽŶϮςŽĨƚŚĞĐƚ͘ /ŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŽĨŚŝƐĐŽŶƚĞŶƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ learned Counsel for the Respondents relied upon 2025 CLC 393 of this Court as well as Lahore High Court in FAO No.975 of 2025 and state ƚŚĂƚŝŶŝĚĞŶƟĐĂůŶĂƚƵƌĞŽĨĐĂƐĞ͕ ƚŚŝƐŽƵƌƚĂƐǁ ĞůůĂƐƚŚĞ, ŽŶ͛ ďůĞ Lahore High Court has ŚĞůĚƚŚĂƚĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂůƐĞƌǀ ŝĐĞŵĂƩ ĞƌĨĂůůƐ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƚŚĞƐĐŽƉĞŽĨƚŚĞŽŶƐƵŵĞƌWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽƵƌƚĂŶĚǁ ŽƵůĚ govern under the Contract Act, 1872. Secondly, he contends that even ƐƵĐŚĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶƚǁ ĂƐĮ ůĞĚĂŌĞƌĞŋ ƵdžŽĨƟŵĞƉƌĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚĨŽƌŝƚ͘ Lastly, he argued that revision of price was constrained due to the ĞŶŚĂŶĐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƉƌŝĐĞƐŽĨĂƵƚŽƉĂƌƚƐĂŶĚŝŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŶĞǁ ƚĂdž ĞƐďLJ the FBR, Govt of Pakistan and for this unseen reason, Manufacturers always reserved provisions of revised sale price in a contract with customer.

6., ĞĂƌĚƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƐĞůĨŽƌƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĞƐĂŶĚƉĞƌƵƐĞĚƚŚĞƌĞĐŽƌĚ͘

R.A.No.S-147 of 2025

7./ƚŝƐĂĚŵŝƩ ĞĚƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚŚĂƚZĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐƌĞĐĞŝǀ ĞĚĨƵůůĂŶĚĮ ŶĂů payment as per PBO on 19.11.2021 and failed to deliver the vehicle within the ƚĞŶƚĂƟǀ ĞƉĞƌŝŽĚ;E Žǀ ĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϭͿwhich is a ƐƟƉƵůĂƚĞĚ period ƵŶůĞƐƐĐŽŐĞŶƚĂŶĚƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůĞŶĞƐƐĞdžƉůĂŶĂƟŽŶĞdž ĐŚĂŶŐĞĨƌŽŵ the respondent side. Notably, on two stages i.e. during enforced ƉĞƌŝŽĚŽĨWK ŽƌƵŶƟůƚŚĞƌĞĐŽǀ ĞƌLJŽĨĨƵůůĂŶĚĮ ŶĂůƉĂLJŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ŶĞŝƚŚĞƌ ĂŶLJŶŽƟĐĞǁ ŝƚŚƌĞĂƐŽŶƐǁ ĂƐŝƐƐƵĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚrevised price that might constrained the Respondents to enhance sale price nor any demand note for enhanced sale price was issued by the Respondents.

8.There is nothing on record except that on 10.12.2021, when the ƉƉůŝĐĂŶƚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞĚĨŽƌĚĞůŝǀ ĞƌLJŽĨĂƌĂŌĞƌƐƵĐŚĨƵůůĂŶĚĮ ŶĂů ƉĂLJŵĞŶƚ͕ Ăƚ ƚŚĂƚ ƉŽŝŶƚ ŽĨ ƟŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ZĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐ demanded enhanced/extra charges Rs.2,75,000/- under revised price invoking Clause-2 &3 of the Terms & CŽŶĚŝƟŽŶset out in PBO and the applicant ŝƐƐƵĞĚĂůĞŐĂůŶŽƟĐĞĐĂůůŝŶŐƵƉŽŶƚŚĞZĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐƚŽdeliver vehicle, but the Respondents neither resolved the grievance nor delivered the vehicle/car͕ ƉƌŽŵƉƟŶŐƚŚĞĮ ůŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶƚ͘

9./Ŷ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞǀ ŝŽƵƐ ƌŽƵŶĚ ŽĨ ůŝƟŐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ZĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ compliance of Order dated 11.11.2022, 12.12.2022 & 27.02.2023 passed in M.A. No.S-32 of 2022 has already handed over the car and disputed amount of Rs.2,75,000/- lying with the Addl. Registrar of this Court.

10.The learned Consumer Court allowed the complaint while the learned District Judge, Hyderabad dismissed the complaint primarily on the ground that the dispute was contractual in nature and not ŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĂďůĞƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞ^ŝŶĚŚŽŶƐƵŵĞƌWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĐƚ͕ ϮϬϭκ͘

11.dŚĞƉŝǀ ŽƚĂůƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶŝƐ:

(a)Whether the dispute arising out of the booking of a motor vehicle and the subsequent refusal of delivery by the respondent-company falls within ƚŚĞ ũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌ ŽƵƌƚĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĚƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĐƚ͕ ϮϬϭκ͕ Žƌ

R.A.No.S-147 of 2025

(b)Whether the controversy is merely contractual in ŶĂƚƵƌĞ͕ ĂŵĞŶĂďůĞĞdž ĐůƵƐŝǀ ĞůLJƚŽƚŚĞũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨ the Civil Court.

12.&Žƌ ŝŶǀ ŽĐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌ ŽƵƌƚ͛ Ɛ ũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶĂŶƚ ŵƵƐƚ Į ƌƐƚ ƐĂƟƐĨLJ ƚŚĞ ĚĞĮ ŶŝƟŽŶĂů ƚŚƌĞƐŚŽůĚ ŽĨ Ă ͞ ĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌ͟ ǁ ŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƟŽŶŽĨ^ĞĐƟŽŶϮ;ĞͿŽĨƚŚĞĐƚ͕ ϮϬϭκ͘ ƉůĂŝŶƌĞĂĚŝŶŐŽĨ^ĞĐƟŽŶϮ;ĞͿ;ŝͿƌĞǀ ĞĂůƐƚŚĂƚĂĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌŝƐĂƉĞƌƐŽŶ ǁ ŚŽƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞƐŽƌŽďƚĂŝŶƐŽŶůĞĂƐĞĂŶLJƉƌŽĚƵĐƚĨŽƌĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ Ğdž ĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶƐƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶĨŽƌƌĞƐĂůĞŽƌĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͕ ǁ ŚĞƌĞĂƐ^ĞĐƟŽŶϮ;ĞͿ;ŝŝͿĞdžƚĞŶĚƐƚŚĞĚĞĮ ŶŝƟŽŶƚŽĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŚŝƌŝŶŐ ƐĞƌǀ ŝĐĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌLJ ƐĐŚĞŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ recognizes two independent categories giving rise to consumer disputes, namely: (i) defects in products; and (ii) deficiency or irregularity in services.

13.dŚĞĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚ͟ ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĚŝŶ^ĞĐƟŽŶϮ;ĞͿ;ŝͿĚĞƌŝǀ ĞƐ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƌŽŵ^ĞĐƟŽŶϮ;ŶͿŽĨƚŚĞĐƚĂŶĚďĞĂƌƐĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶĐĞǁ ŝƚŚ the concept of “goods” under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930. Likewise, ƚŚĞƚĞƌŵ͞ ƐĞƌǀ ŝĐĞƐ͟ ĚĞĮ ŶĞĚƵŶĚĞƌ^ĞĐƟŽŶϮ;ƋͿĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐĞƐƉƌŽǀ ŝƐŝŽŶ ŽĨĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ ĂĚǀ ŝĐĞ͕ ŽƌĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞŝŶƐĞĐƚŽƌƐŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐŵĞĚŝĐĂů͕ůĞŐĂů͕ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĞƌǀ ŝĐĞƐ͘ , Žǁ Ğǀ Ğƌ͕^ĞĐƟŽŶϮ;ƋͿ;ŝͿ expressly excludes services rendered under a contract of personal ƐĞƌǀ ŝĐĞ͘ dŚƵƐ͕ ƚŚĞůĞŐŝƐůĂƟǀ ĞŝŶƚĞŶƚƵŶĚĞƌůLJŝŶŐƚŚĞĐƚŝƐƚŽƉƌŽǀ ŝĚĞ ƐƵŵŵĂƌLJ ƌĞĚƌĞƐƐ ŝŶ ŵĂƩ ĞƌƐ ŝŶǀ Žůǀ ŝŶŐ ĚĞĨĞĐƟǀ Ğ ŐŽŽĚƐ͕ ĚĞĮ ĐŝĞŶƚ services, and consumer harm arising therefrom.

14./ŶƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚŵĂƩ Ğƌ͕ƚŚĞƌĞůŝĞĨƐŽƵŐŚƚďLJƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶĂŶƚ ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJĐŽŶƐŝƐƚƐŽĨĂĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚ-company to deliver the booked vehicle at the agreed price together with damages and ůŝƟŐĂƟŽŶĞdžƉĞŶƐĞƐ͘ ^ƵĐŚƌĞůŝĞĨƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůůLJƉĞƌƚĂŝŶƐƚŽĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽĨƌĞĐŝƉƌŽĐĂůĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂůŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶƐŇŽǁ ŝŶŐĨƌŽŵĂŶĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚŽĨ ƐĂůĞ͘ dŚĞĚŝƐƉƵƚĞ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ƉƌŝŵĂĨĂĐŝĞĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐƚŚĞƌĞƐƉĞĐƟǀ Ğ ŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ ƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ ƉĂLJŵĞŶƚ͕ ĚĞůŝǀ ĞƌLJ͕ ĂŶĚ performance of the contract, rather than any defect in a supplied product or deficiency in an availed service.

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15.E Ğǀ ĞƌƚŚĞůĞƐƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵĂƩ Ğƌ ĚŽĞƐ ŶŽƚ ĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞ ŵĞƌĞůLJ ƵƉŽŶ Ğdž ĂŵŝŶŝŶŐ^ĞĐƟŽŶƐϮ;ĞͿ͕ Ϯ;ŶͿ͕ ĂŶĚϮ;ƋͿŝŶŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞĐƚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ incorporates an expansive statutory framework addressing unfair ƚƌĂĚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂŶĚĚĞĐĞƉƟǀ ĞĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůĐŽŶĚƵĐƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ^ĞĐƟŽŶ 2(i) which read as:

^ĞĐƟŽŶ Ϯ ;ŝͿ ͞ &ĂůƐĞ Žƌ D ŝƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ZĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͟ includes any statement made by a businessman or ƉĞƌƐŽŶ͕ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐĞŽƌƚƌĂĚĞ͕ ŝŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞƐƵƉƉůLJ or possible supply of goods or services or with the ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƐƵƉƉůLJŽƌƵƐĞŽĨŐŽŽĚƐŽƌƐĞƌǀ ŝĐĞƐ͕ ǁ ŚĞƚŚĞƌďLJŽŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽƌĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ŽƌĂůůLJŽƌŝŶǁ ƌŝƟŶŐŽƌ by chalking on walls or through sign boards or neon signs ŽƌďLJĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐƉĂŵƉŚůĞƚƐŽƌďLJƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŶĂŶLJ manner, including electronic media whereby such person, or businessman-

(i)ŵĂŬĞƐ͕ ĂƉƉůŝĞƐŽƌŝŵƉůŝĞƐĂƚƌĂĚĞĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶƚŚĂƚŝƐ ĨĂůƐĞŽƌŵŝƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀ Ğ͖

(ii)Žī ĞƌƐŐŝŌƐ͕ ƉƌŝnjĞƐŽƌŽƚŚĞƌĨƌĞĞŝƚĞŵƐǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶŽĨŶŽƚƉƌŽǀ ŝĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŵ͕ ŽƌŽĨŶŽƚƉƌŽǀ ŝĚŝŶŐ them as offered;

(iii)ĚĞŵĂŶĚƐŽƌĂĐĐĞƉƚƉĂLJŵĞŶƚŽƌŽƚŚĞƌĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ for goods or service from a consumer or ƉƌŽƐƉĞĐƟǀ ĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌǁ ŚĞƌĞ͕ ŝĨĂƚƚŚĞƟŵĞŽĨƚŚĞ acceptance, such person, or businessman does not intend to supply the goods or services;

(iv)intends to supply goods or services materially different from the goods or services in respect of ǁ ŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞ ƉĂLJŵĞŶƚ Žƌ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ accepted.

(v)is aware that he will not able to supply the goods or services within the period specified by him;

(vi)falsely represents that goods or services, as the ĐĂƐĞŵĂLJďĞ͕ ĂƌĞŽĨĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌŬŝŶĚƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ͕ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ ŐƌĂĚĞ͕ ƋƵĂŶƟƚLJ ĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ ƐƚLJůĞ ŽĨ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƐƉƌĞǀ ŝŽƵƐƵƐĞŽƌƚŚĂƚƚŚĞLJĂƌĞƐƵƉƉůŝĞĚ ďLJĂŶLJƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƉĞƌƐŽŶŽƌďLJĂŶLJƉĞƌƐŽŶŽĨĂ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ƌĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶĞĚŽƌƌĞĨƵƌďŝƐŚĞĚ ĂƚĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƟŵĞ͖

(vii)falsely represents that goods are new, or that they ĂƌĞƌĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶĞĚ͕ ŽƌƌĞĨƵƌďŝƐŚĞĚŽƌƚŚĂƚƚŚĞLJǁ ĞƌĞ ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞĚ͕ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞĚ͕ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͕ ƌĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶĞĚ ŽƌƌĞĨƵƌďŝƐŚĞĚĂƚĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƟŵĞ͖

(viii)falsely represents that good or services have any ƐƉŽŶƐŽƌƐŚŝƉƐ͕ ĂƉƉƌŽǀ Ăů͕ Ăĸ ůŝĂƟŽŶ͕ ĞŶĚŽƌƐĞŵĞŶƚ͕

R.A.No.S-147 of 2025

ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐ͕ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŽƌŝĞƐ͕ ƵƐĞƐ͕ Žƌ benefits;

(ix)falsely represents the price of any goods or services;

(x)falsely represents the existence, exclusion of effect ŽĨĂŶLJĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ǁ ĂƌƌĂŶƚLJ͕ŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞ͕ ƌŝŐŚƚ͕ Žƌ remedy;

(xi)falsely represents the place of origin of goods;

(xii)falsely represents that because of some defect in a consumer home, health, safety, or lives of the consumer of his or her family are in danger if the product or services are not purchased, when in fact the defect does not exist or the product or services would not remove the danger;

(xiii)falsely represents causing a probability of confusion or of misunderstanding with respect to ƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚLJƚŽĂƐĂůĞƐƉĞƌƐŽŶ͕ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀ Ğ͕ Žƌ ĂŐĞŶƚƚŽŶĞŐŽƟĂƚĞƚŚĞĮ ŶĂůƚĞƌŵƐŽĨĂƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶ͖ (xiv) falsely represents causing a probability of confusion or of misunderstanding as to the legal ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͕ ŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶƐ Žƌ ƌĞŵĞĚŝĞƐ ŽĨ Ă ƉĂƌƚLJ ƚŽ ƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶ͖

(xv)falsely represents that a consumer will receive goods or services “free” or “without charge” or similar words without clearly and conspicuously ĚŝƐĐůŽƐŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ ƚĞƌŵƐ͕ ŽƌƉƌĞ-requisites requirements to be fulfilled by the consumer in order to avail such goods or services;

(xvi)ĨĂůƐĞůLJƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞĂǀ ĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ repair of goods and supply of spare parts for goods; and

(xvii)falsely represents that a product or package is disagreeable, biodegradable, or photo degradable;

16.dŚĞĚĞĮ ŶŝƟŽŶ͞ ĨĂůƐĞŽƌŵŝƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͟ is a broader spectrum and scope. The said provision materially enlarges the ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟǀ ĞĂŵďŝƚŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƚƵƚĞďLJŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐǁ ŝƚŚŝŶŝƚƐƐĐŽƉĞĂŶLJ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŵĂĚĞŝŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞƐƵƉƉůLJŽƌƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƐƵƉƉůLJ of goods or services whereby a businessman falsely represents price, quality, availability, delivery capability, or accepts payment despite ůĂĐŬŝŶŐŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶŽƌĂďŝůŝƚLJƚŽƐƵƉƉůLJƚŚĞŐŽŽĚƐŽƌƐĞƌǀ ŝĐĞƐƉƌŽŵŝƐĞĚ͘

17.WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJƐŝŐŶŝĮ ĐĂŶƚĂƌĞĐůĂƵƐĞƐ;ŝŝŝͿ͕ ;ŝǀ Ϳ͕ ĂŶĚ;ǀ ͿŽĨ^ĞĐƟŽŶ Ϯ;ŝͿ͕ ǁ ŚŝĐŚ ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƚĞ ĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ ǁ ŚĞƌĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ

R.A.No.S-147 of 2025

ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌĚĞƐƉŝƚĞĂďƐĞŶĐĞŽĨŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶƚŽƐƵƉƉůLJƚŚĞ ŐŽŽĚƐ͕ ŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶƚŽƐƵƉƉůLJŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůůLJĚŝī ĞƌĞŶƚŐŽŽĚƐ͕ ŽƌĂǁ ĂƌĞŶĞƐƐŽĨ inability to supply within the represented period. The phrase “possible supply of goods or services” employed by the legislature is of considerable amplitude and demonstrates that the statutory ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŝƐŶŽƚĐŽŶĮ ŶĞĚŵĞƌĞůLJƚŽƉŽƐƚ-delivery defects but extends equally to pre-ƐĂůĞ ŝŶĚƵĐĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶĂů ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ŬŝŶŐƐĐŚĞŵĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚĚĞĐĞƉƟǀ ĞĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůĂƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞƐ͘

18.s ŝĞǁ ĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀ Ğ͕ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞƐ ĂƌŝƐŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ǀ ĞŚŝĐůĞ ďŽŽŬŝŶŐƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶƐŵĂLJ͕ŝŶĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ͕ ƚƌĂŶƐĐĞŶĚ the confines of a pure contractual controversy and assume the ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŽĨĂŶƵŶĨĂŝƌƚƌĂĚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĂďůĞƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞĐƚ͘ t ŚĞƌĞ ĂůůĞŐĂƟŽŶƐĚŝƐĐůŽƐĞƚŚĂƚĂĚĞĂůĞƌŽƌŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌŝŶĚƵĐĞĚĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨĂůƐĞƉƌŽŵŝƐĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƉƌŝĐĞĮ dž ĂƟŽŶ͕ ĚĞůŝǀ ĞƌLJƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞ͕ ĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶĂǀ ĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJ͕ŽƌĂĐĐĞƉƚĂŶĐĞŽĨŬŝŶŐĂŵŽƵŶƚƐĂŶĚĞǀ ĞŶ ƐƵďƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ ƵƐƵƌƉĞĚ ĨƵůů ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ĚĞƐƉŝƚĞ ŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJ Žƌ ƵŶǁ ŝůůŝŶŐŶĞƐƐƚŽƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ͕ ƚŚĞŵĂƩ ĞƌŵĂLJůĞŐŝƟŵĂƚĞůLJĂƩ ƌĂĐƚƚŚĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨ^ĞĐƟŽŶƐϮ;ŝͿĂŶĚϮϭŽĨƚŚĞĐƚ͘

19.^ĞĐƟŽŶϮϭŽĨƚŚĞĐƚĐŽŶĨĞƌƐũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶƵƉŽŶƚŚĞŽŶƐƵŵĞƌ ŽƵƌƚƚŽƌĞƐƚƌĂŝŶĂŶĚƌĞĚƌĞƐƐĨĂůƐĞŽƌŵŝƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ ƵŶĨĂŝƌƚƌĂĚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘ ^ŝŐŶŝĮ ĐĂŶƚůLJ͕Ğdž ĞƌĐŝƐĞŽĨƐƵĐŚũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶŝƐŶŽƚ ŝŶǀ ĂƌŝĂďůLJĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚƵƉŽŶĂĐƚƵĂůĚĞůŝǀ ĞƌLJŽĨĚĞĨĞĐƟǀ ĞŐŽŽĚƐŽƌ ƌĞŶĚŝƟŽŶŽĨĚĞĮ ĐŝĞŶƚƐĞƌǀ ŝĐĞƐ͘ ZĂƚŚĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƐƚĂƚƵƚŽƌLJŽďũĞĐƚŝƐƚŽĐƵƌď ĚĞĐĞƉƟǀ ĞŵĂƌŬĞƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĐĂƵƐŝŶŐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌŚĂƌŵĂƚĂŶLJƐƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶ͘ ŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ͕Ğǀ ĞŶŝŶĐĂƐĞƐǁ ŚĞƌĞƚŚĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŚĂƐŶŽƚ LJĞƚďĞĞŶĚĞůŝǀ ĞƌĞĚ͕ ƚŚĞŽŶƐƵŵĞƌŽƵƌƚŵĂLJĂƐƐƵŵĞũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶŝĨƚŚĞ ŐƌĂǀ ĂŵĞŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶƚƉĞƌƚĂŝŶƐƚŽĚĞĐĞƉƟǀ ĞŝŶĚƵĐĞŵĞŶƚŽƌƵŶĨĂŝƌ commercial conduct.

20., Žǁ Ğǀ Ğƌ͕ƚŚĞĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟǀ ĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶƌĞŵĂŝŶƐƚŚĞƚƌƵĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨĂĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƵďƐƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƌĞůŝĞĨĐůĂŝŵĞĚ͘ t ŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶĂŶƚĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůůLJƐĞĞŬƐĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂů performance through delivery of the vehicle under agreed terms,

R.A.No.S-147 of 2025

ĂĚũƵĚŝĐĂƟŽŶ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌŝůLJ ĞŶƚĂŝůƐ Ğdž ĂŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂů ŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ĚŝƐƉƵƚĞĚƉĂLJŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ƌĞĐŝƉƌŽĐĂůƉƌŽŵŝƐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚĞŶƟƚůĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƐƉĞĐŝĮ Đ ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ͕ ŵĂƩ ĞƌƐ ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůůLJ ĨĂůůŝŶŐ ǁ ŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚŽŵĂŝŶŽĨŝǀ ŝůŽƵƌƚƐĞdž ĞƌĐŝƐŝŶŐũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞ^ƉĞĐŝĮ ĐZĞůŝĞĨ Act.

21.Conversely, where the complaint is structured around ĂůůĞŐĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚ ŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůůLJ ŵŝƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ availability, price, delivery schedule, or accepted payment despite inability or unwillingness to supply the vehicle, the controversy acquires the complexion of a consumer dispute founded upon false or ŵŝƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƵŶĚĞƌ^ĞĐƟŽŶϮ;ŝͿ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞďLJĂƩ ƌĂĐƟŶŐƚŚĞ ƌĞŵĞĚŝĂů ũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶ ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƚĞĚ ďLJ ^ĞĐƟŽŶ Ϯϭ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Đƚ͘ WĂƌĂŵŽƵŶƚĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶĐĂŶĂůƐŽďĞƚŚĞĞǀ ŝĚĞŶĐĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĂƩ ƌĂĐƟǀ ŝƚLJƚŽŝŶǀ ŽŬĞŽŶĞŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞƚǁ ŽĚŝī ĞƌĞŶƚƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ backed by statute; i.e. Act, 2014.

22.ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐůLJ͕ƚŚĞĚŝƐƟŶĐƟŽŶďĞƚǁ ĞĞŶĂŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌ complaint and a purely civil contractual dispute lies not merely in the existence of a booking agreement, but in the dominant character of ƚŚĞĂůůĞŐĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŶĂƚƵƌĞŽĨƌĞůŝĞĨƐŽƵŐŚƚ͘ /ĨƚŚĞĞƐƐĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞ dispute is contractual enforcement, the appropriate remedy lies ďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞŝǀ ŝůŽƵƌƚ͘ /Ĩ͕ ŚŽǁ Ğǀ Ğƌ͕ƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶƚƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůůLJĂůůĞŐĞƐ or demonstrates ĚĞĐĞƉƟǀ ĞƚƌĂĚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ ƵŶĨĂŝƌŝŶĚƵĐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ ŽƌĨĂůƐĞ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŝŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶǁ ŝƚŚƚŚĞƐƵƉƉůLJŽƌƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƐƵƉƉůLJŽĨ ŐŽŽĚƐ͕ ƚŚĞũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽŶƐƵŵĞƌŽƵƌƚŵĂLJǀ ĂůŝĚůLJďĞŝŶǀ ŽŬĞĚ ƵŶĚĞƌ^ĞĐƟŽŶƐϮ;ŝͿĂŶĚϮϭŽĨƚŚĞĐƚ͕ ϮϬϭκ͘

23.Mere fact that the dispute originates from a vehicle booking ƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŝƉƐŽĨĂĐƚŽŽƵƐƚƚŚĞũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽŶƐƵŵĞƌ ŽƵƌƚ͘ t ŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĂůůĞŐĂƟŽŶƐƚƌĂŶƐĐĞŶĚĂƐŝŵƉůĞďƌĞĂĐŚŽĨĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ and disclose or surfacing ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƵŶĨĂŝƌƚƌĂĚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ ĨĂůƐĞ ĂƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ͕ ĚĞĐĞƉƟǀ Ğ ŝŶĚƵĐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ Žƌ ƌĞĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ despite inability or unwillingness to deliver the promised product, the controversy assumes the character of a consumer dispute within the

R.A.No.S-147 of 2025

meaning of the Act. The case laws relied upon by the learned Counsel ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ZĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ĐůĞĂƌůLJ ĚŝƐƟŶŐƵŝƐŚĂďůĞ͕ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ provisions of the Act, 2014 — ŶŽƚĂďůLJ^ĞĐƟŽŶƐϮ;ŝͿĂŶĚϮϭ— were ŶĞŝƚŚĞƌƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚƚŽŶŽƌǁ ŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƐĐŽƉĞŽĨĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞĨĂĐƚƵĂů matrix of those cases.

24.dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ǁ ŚĞƌĞĂůůĞŐĂƟŽŶƐĚŝƐĐůŽƐĞƚŚĂƚĨƵůůƉĂLJŵĞŶƚŽƌ ƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶŚĂƐďĞĞŶƌĞĂůŝnjĞĚĨƌŽŵĂĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌďLJĂ ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌ͕ ĚĞĂůĞƌ͕ Žƌ ƐƵƉƉůŝĞƌ ƉƵƌƐƵĂŶƚ ƚŽ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ regarding delivery of goods, and subsequent conduct indicates refusal, inability, or unwillingness to supply the promised goods in terms ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ͕ ƚŚĞŵĂƩ ĞƌĐĂŶŶŽƚďĞƌĞůĞŐĂƚĞĚƐŝŵƉůŝĐŝƚĞƌƚŽƚŚĞƌĞĂůŵ ŽĨƉƌŝǀ ĂƚĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂůĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ ^ƵĐŚĂůůĞŐĂƟŽŶƐƐƋƵĂƌĞůLJŝŶǀ ŽŬĞ ƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĞĐƟǀ ĞũƵƌŝƐĚŝĐƟŽŶĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƚĞĚƵŶĚĞƌ^ĞĐƟŽŶƐϮ;ŝͿĂŶĚϮϭŽĨ the Sindh ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ Đƚ͕ ϮϬϭκ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞďLJ ǀ ĞƐƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ Consumer Court with lawful authority to inquire into and adjudicate the controversy in accordance with law.

25.In view of above, the impugned Judgment is not sustainable on this point. However, I find that no findings on the merits of the case had been recorded. The lower Appellate Court has not considered the fact that this Court through various Orders in M.A. No.32 of 2022 has ŚĂŶĚĞĚŽǀ ĞƌƚŚĞĐĂƌŝŶƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĂŶĚĚŝī ĞƌĞŶƟĂůĂŵŽƵŶƚŽŶďĞŚĂůĨŽĨ the Respondent are lying with the Addl. Registrar of this Court and only original documents are withholding by the Respondents.

26.ŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ͕ ǁ ŚŝůĞ ĂůůŽǁ ŝŶŐ ZĞǀ ŝƐŝŽŶ ƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ set-aside impugned Judgment and remand the case to the Lower Appellate Court to re-appraise record, re-hear and decide the case in the light of ĂďŽǀ ĞŽďƐĞƌǀ ĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŝŶĂĐĐŽƌĚĂŶĐĞǁ ŝƚŚůĂǁ ͘

JUDGE

Ahmed/Pa,