Habib-ul- Wahab Alkheri vs Federation of Pakistan

IN THE FEDERAL SHARIAT COURT

( O rig in a l J u ris d ic tio n )

PRESENT

M r.J u s tic e D r.T a n z il-u r-R a h m a n CHIEF JU STIC E M r.J u s tic e D r.F id a Muhammad K han M r.J u s tic e Mir H azar K h an K hoso SHARIAT PETITIO N N o .60/1 o f 1991 H abib-ul-W ahab P e titio n e r A lk h e ri

V e rsu s

F e d e ra tio n of R e sp o n d e n t P a k is ta n

C o u n sel fo r th e P e titio n e r in p e rs o n p e titio n e r

C o u n sel fo r th e Hafiz S .A .R a h m a n ,S ta n d in g re sp o n d en t C o u n sel fo r th e F e d e ra l G o v e rn m e n t.

J u ris c o n s u lt D r.M uham m ad T u fail D ate o f in s titu tio n 2-9-1991

D ate o f h e a r in g 7-5-1992

D ate o f d ecisio n 7-5-1992

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S .P. No.60/1 of 1991

* JUDGMENT:

DR.TA N ZIL-U R-RAH M A N , CHIEF JU S T IC E . — B y th is p e titio n , s e c tio n s 292,293 a n d 294 o f th e P a k is ta n P en al C o d e, re la tin g to sa le e t c . , o f o b s c e n e b o oks a n d o th e r o b je c ts a n d th e o b sc e n e a c ts a n d s o n g s h a v e b e e n c h a lle n g e d a s r e p u g n a n t to th e In ju n c tio n s o f Islam . T h e s a id se c tio n s re a d a s u n d e r

"292. S ale, e t c . , o f o b sc e n e b o o k s , e t c . -W h o ev er- (a ) s e lls , le ts to h ir e , d is tr ib u te s , a p u b lic e x h ib its o r in a n y m a n n e r p u ts in to c irc u la tio n , o r fo r p u r p o s e s o f s a le , h ir e , d is tr ib u tio n , p u b lic e x h ib itio n o r c irc u la tio n , m ak es, p ro d u c e s o r h a s in h is p o s s e s s io n a n y o b sc e n e b o o k ,p a m p h le t, p a p e r , d ra w in g , p a in tin g , r e p r e s e n ta tio n o r fig u r e o r any.

o th e r o b s c e n e o b je c t w h a ts o e v e r, o r

( b ) im p o rts , e x p o r ts o r c o n v e y s a n y o b s c e n e o b je c t fo r a n y o f th e p u rp o s e s a fo re s a id , o r k n o w in g o r h a v in g re a s o n to b e lie v e th a t s u c h o b je c t will b e so ld , le t to h ir e , d is tr ib u te d o r p u b lic ly e x h ib ite d o r in a n y m a n n e r p u t in to c ir c u la tio n , o r .

(c ) ta k e s p a r t in o r re c e iv e s p r o f its from a n y b u s in e s s in th e c o u rs e o f w hich h e know s o r h a s re a s o n to b e lie v e th a t a n y s u c h o b sc e n e o b je c ts a r e , fo r a n y o f th e p u rp o s e s a fo re s a id , m ade, p ro d u c e d , p u r c h a s e d , k e p t, im p o rte d , e x p o r te d ,c o n v e y e d , p u b lic ly e x h ib ite d o r i n a n y m a n n e r p u t in to c irc u la tio n , o r ( d ) a d v e r tis e s o r m akes know n b y a n y m eans w h a tso e v e r t h a t a n y p e rs o n is e n g a g e d o r is re a d y to e n g a g e in a n y a c t w hich is a n o ffen c e u n d e r th is s e c tio n , o r t h a t a n y s u c h o b sce n e o b je c t c a n b e p r o c u r e d from o r th r o u g h a n y p e r s o n , o r (e ) o ff e rs o r a tte m p ts to do a n y a c t w hich i s a n o ffen c e u n d e r th is s e c tio n , s h a ll b e p u n is h e d w ith im p riso n m en t o f e ith e r d e s c rip tio n fo r a term w hich m ay e x te n d to th r e e m o n th s, o r w ith fin e o r w ith b o th .

E x c e p tio n .-T h is s e c tio n d o es n o t e x te n d to a n y b o o k , p a m p h le t, w ritin g , d ra w in g o r p a in tin g k e p t o r u s e d b o n a fid e fo r re lig io u s p u r p o s e s o r a n y r e p r e s e n ta tio n s c u lp tu r e d , e n g r a v e d , p a in te d o r o th e rw is e r e p r e s e n te d on o r in a n y tem p le, o r o n a n y c a r u s e d f o r th e c o n v e y a n c e o f id o ls , o r k e p t o r u s e d fo r a n y re lig io u s p u r p o s e .

293.S ale, e tc , o f o b s c e n e o b je c ts to y o u n g p e r s o n .-W h o ev er s e lls , le ts to h ir e , d i s tr ib u te , e x h ib its o r c irc u la te s to a n y p e rs o n u n d e r th e a g e o f tw e n ty y e a r s a n y s u c h o b sc e n e o b ject a s is r e f e r r e d to in th e la s t p re c e d in g s e c tio n , o r o f f e r s o r a tte m p ts so to d o , s h a ll b e p u n is h e d w ith im p riso n m en t o f e ith e r d e s c rip tio n fo r a term w hich m ay e x te n d to s ix m o n th s, o r w ith fin e , o r w ith b o th .

294.O b scen e a c ts a n d s o n g s . - W hoever, to th e a n n o y a n c e o f o th e r s ,

(a ) d o es a n y o b sc e n e a c t in a n y p u b lic p la c e , o r ( b ) s in g s , re c u e s o r u t t e r s a n y o b sc e n e s o n g s , b a lla d o r w o rd s , in o r n e a r a n y p u b lic p la c e ,

sh all b e p u n is h e d w ith im p riso n m en t o f e ith e r d e s c rip tio n fo r a te rm w hich m ay e x te n d to th r e e m o n th s, o r w ith fin e , o r w ith b o th ."

2.T h e re a re a n u m b e r o f V e rs e s o f th e Holy Q u r'a n a n d th e S u n n a h o f th e Holy P ro p h e t ( ^1 ..j «-l& aJJ ' LyLs ) w hich s tr ic tly p ro h ib it o b s c e n ity ab o m in ab len ess, a tr o c ity a n d in d e c e n c y o f actio n a n d la n g u a g e w hich a re a s follows

* V U JU1 ^ yJL fj,L U t

(F o r h e com m ands y o u w h at is e v il a n d sh am e fu l, a n d t h a t y e sh o u ld s a y o f God t h a t o f w hich y e h a v e no k n o w le d g e.

(A l-B a q a ra 2 :1 6 9 ).

(T h e Evil O ne th r e a te n s y o u w ith p o v e r ty a n d b id s y o u to c o n d u c t u n se e m ly . (A l-B a q a ra 2 :2 6 8 ).

* V L *Iii JL* f A 1i J j l 0 I J i

(S a y ; "N ay , God n e v e r com m ands w hat is sh am e fu l; Do y e sa y o f God w hat y e know n o t? ) (A l-A a ra f 7 :2 8 ).

* 1 L.' J ImP 4* I *Tit>s»-.t ] 1 y * j., J 1 ajs> ajJ t i l! J 5 " (T h u s (D id We o r d e r ) t h a t We m ig h t t u r n aw ay from him (A ll) e v il a n d sh am efu l d e e d s ; F o r h e w as o n e o f O u r s e r v a n ts , s in c e re a n d p u r i f i e d ) .

* O J lA ' fi-d o* )

(A n d He fo rb id s all sh am efu l d e e d s , a n d in ju s tic e a n d re b e llio n :

He i n s t r u c t s y o u , th a t y e may re c e iv e ad m o n itio n ) A l-N ahal ( I f a n y will follow th e fo o ts te p s o fS a ta n , h e will ( b u t) command w h at is sh am efu l a n d w ro n g ) (A l-n o o r 2 4 :2 1 ).

I J jl tf-t-Z I jjl

(F o r p r a y e r r e s t r a i n s from sh am efu l a n d u n ju s t d e e d s ; a n d rem em b ran ce o f God is th e g r e a te s t ( th in g in life ) W ithout d o u b t.

(A l-A n k a b o o t 1 9 :4 5 ).

Ai\ \ }j i ^ . - c i \y^> 3\ i^ U i u i

(A n d th o s e w ho, h a v in g done so m eth in g to b e ash am ed o f, o r w ro n g e d t h e i r ow n s o u ls , e a r n e s tly b r in g God to m ind, a n d a s k fo r fo rg iv e n e s s f o r t h e i r s i n s ) . (A l-Im ra n 3 :1 3 5 ).

• L*_.j 1 ftj.fr Ij

s No.60/1 of 1991 -5-

(Y e h a v e g iv e n th e m ,—e x c e p t w h ere th e y h a v e b e e n g u ilty o f o p e n le w d n e s s ). (A l-N isa 4:

of

(E x c e p t w h ere th e y h a v e b e e n g u ilty o f o p e n le w d n e s s ).

(A l-N isa 4 :1 9 ).

( I t w as sh am efu l a n d o d io u s ,—An abom inable cutom in d e e d ) .

(A -N isa 4:22)

_L«JI y> c A 'n f-«J i U f

(W hen th e y a r e ta k e n in w edlock, i f th e y fall in to s h a m e ,th e ir p u n is h m e n t is h a lf th a t f o r fre e women. T h is (p e rm iss io n ) is fo r th o s e am ong y o u who f e a r sin (A l-N isa 4 :2 5 ).

* L > I ail 1y U* L f 1-JfcaJlC L* 1j 1y

(W hen th e y do a u g h t t h a t is sh am e fu l, th e y s a y ; "We fo u n d o u r f a th e r s d o in g so ; a n d God com m anded u s th u s (A l-A a ra f 7 :2 8 ).

* ya Ijfc. ,i L » li) 1 f

(Do ye commit le w d n e ss s u c h a s no p eo p le in c re a tio n (e v e r) com m itted b e fo re y o u (A l-A a ra f 7 :8 0 ).

* L .j - ‘I ^j}\ \^Jc ^

(N or come n ig h to a d u lte r y : fo r i t is a sh am efu l (d e e d ) a n d an e v il, o p e n in g th e ro a d (T o o th e r e v ils ) . (A l- I s r a 1 7 :3 2 ).

• p j l v_. I a* Ij-uT y. j j l ^ L ^ p-UJI ^1 oyr** Ol

(T h o se who love (to s e e ) s c a n d a l p u b lis h e d b r o a d c a s t am ong th e B e lie v e rs , will h a v e a g rie v o u s P e n a lty ) (A l-N o o r 2 4 :1 9 ).

S.P.No.60/1 of 1991

* O J j—‘*!“ 3 JU J1 U»j J j

(We also s e n t) L u t ( a s a n a p o s tle ) ; b e h o ld , He s a id to h is p e o p le , "Do y e do w h at is sh am efu l th o u g h y e see (its in iq u ity )? (A l-N am l 2 7 :5 4 ).

• j jr f J tjJ l (j» J-=-l (J* 1-A. L jz b j

("Y e do commit le w d n e s s , s u c h a s no p eo p le in C re a tio n (E v e r) com m itted b e fo re y o u ) (A l-A n k a b o o t 2 9 :2 8 ).

* i— I j - * J 1 L aJ __i s L . ^ <n«« *»?-> • U g c -L ^

( I f a n y o f y o u w ere g u ilty o f e v id e n t u n see m ly c o n d u c t, th e p u n is h m e n t w ould b e d o u b le d to h e r ) (A l-A h z a b 3 3 :3 0 ).

* j ■.' « ,j-tL ,jl VI ^3

(A n d t u r n them n o t o u t o f th e ir h o u s e s , n o r s h a ll th e y (th e m s e lv e s ) le a v e , e x c e p t in c a se th e y a r e g u ilty o f some o p en le w d n e s s , th o s e a r e lim its S e t b y G od) (A l-T a la q 6 5 :1 ).

• I* j Ia — ^ 1 !> v*- ^ 3

(A n d f o r th e m ;—come n o t n ig h t to sh am efu l d e e d s , w h e th e r o p e n o r s e c r e t) (A l-A naam 6 :1 5 1 ).

* ^3 Jir* ^

(S a y ; T h e th in g s t h a t my L o rd h a th in d e e d fo r b id d e n a r e ;

sham eful d e e d s , w h e th e r o p e n o r s e c r e t s in s (A I-A a ra f 7 :3 3 ).

• r-jjiv i o ^ J i j p J V i j—iX£ oyt^ o,S}\y

(T h o se who av o id g r e a t s in s a n d sh am efu l d e e d s , o n ly (fa llin g in to ) small f a u lts ) (A l-N ajm 5 3 :3 2 ).

3.T h e re a re also a n u m b e r o f tr a d itio n s o f th e Holy P ro p h e t ( who s a id :- -

o. U J 0I

(O b s c e n ity a n d a b o m in a b le n ess do n o t e x is t sid e b y sid e Isla m ). (M asnad al-Im am A hm ad B in H am bal, B ie ru t v o l.V p .8 9 ) .

H a zra t A y ish ah n a r r a te d from th e Holy P r o p h e t ( ^1 ^ «ul» Jjl^y L s) th a t h e s a id :

(A llah d o es n o t lik e a n y k in d o f o b s c e n ity a n d a b o m in a b le n e s s ).

(S u n a n A bu Dawood v o l.I I , p .2 8 8 P r in t B ie ru t.

I t is n a r r a te d from A bu D a rd a th a t th e Holy P ro p h e t ( ^— j «-L* *Ill ) s a id :

J jl 0 1

(A lla h (s ) la th s s u c h p e r s o n who is abom inable a n d d is g u s t) .

(A l-Jam e a l-T irm iz : v o l.IV p .3 6 2 ) .

H a zra t Umme Salam ah n a r r a te d t h a t th e Holy P ro p h e t ( (—1—^ *JJI ) h a s fo rb id d e n u s from a n y k in d o f o b s c e n ity .

t ^ L’ L a J

(H e fo rb a d e u s from all k in d o f o b s c e n tiy ) . (M asnad al-Im am A hm ad B in Hambal v o l .I , p . 2 0 2 ,P r in t B ie r u t) .

4.D r.M uham m ad T u fa il o f Islam ic R e s e a rc h I n s t i t u t e , Isla m a b ad , h as su b m itte d a d e ta ile d n o te ,o n r e q u e s t o f th e C o u rt, r e la tin g to th e a fo re ­ m en tio n ed s e c tio n s . It seem s p r o p e r to re p ro d u c e c e r ta in p o rtitio n s th e re fro m w hich a re a s u n d e r :-

jL ijl 1^ ^ Jl-su aJJ!

I j SjJI 8j 1,0 11 1 1-* I I '■ (J I

(^1 I i-o 11 I j j jC d IL_i

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( ^ l - i j jS f t js> ^ I x u i aJJI j . i fc ~i? )— (»I j> s_j 5* As to th e m ean in g o f th e w ord ' (jZ->-\yi ' s in g . ' th e le a rn e d s c h o la r s ta te d t h a t - O*1* e^-3* U l^ s 0“l O^* jjX-ll 0 1-J

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9.While g o in g th r o u g h th e p ro v is io n s o f law , c h a lle n g e d b e fo re u s , in so f a r a s s e c tio n s 292 a n d 293 PPC a r e c o n c e rn e d ,w e do n o t fin d a n y th in g r e p u g n a n t to th e In ju n c tio n s o f Islam as la id dow n in th e Q u r'a n a n d S u n n a h o f th e P r o p h e t. H o w e v e r,th e s e n te n c e s p r e s c r ib e d in sections 2 9 2 , 2 9 ^ n d 294 a re in a d e q u a te , b u t o n th a t g ro u n d alo n e we c a n n o t s tr ik e dow n th e said p ro v is io n s , as it is w ith in th e le g is la tiv e co m p eten ce o f o u r P arliam en t

S.P.No.60/1 of 1991 to p r e s c r ib e s u c h p u n is h m e n ts f o r o ffe n c e s liab le to t a 'z i r as i t deem s n e c e s s a r y a n d p r o p e r . We w ould, h o w e v e r, lik e to recom m end th a t th e s e punishments were p r e s c r ib e d b y th e B ritis h R u le rs in 1860, m ore th a n o n e a n d a q u a r t e r c e n tu r y ago a n d , p e r h a p s , th e y r e q u ir e re v is io n . T h e a re a o f o b s c e n ity a s to i t s m ode, s p e c ie s , dim ension a n d e ffe c t is now so w ide th a t it co u ld n o t e v e n b e c o n te m p la te d in o r a b o u t 1860. C ouncil o f Islamic Ideology a s lo n g b a c k a s 1978, h a d s u g g e s te d s e n te n c e s o f im p riso n m e n t n o t e x c e e d in g th r e e y e a r s . In f a c t, a new law on th e e ra d ic a tio n o f o b s c e n ity w as also fram ed b y th e C oun cil, w h ich m u st b e ly in g w ith th e M in istry o f R eligious A ffa irs o r M in istry o f Law & P a rlia m e n ta ry A ffa irs . I f th e G o v ern m en t so w is h e s ,it m ay d e riv e b e n e fit o u t o f i t so th a t th e law r e la tin g to o b s c e n ity may b e b r o u g h t in lin e w ith th e c o n d itio n o f th e p r e s e n t d a y s o c ie ty .

10.A s r e g a r d s s e c tio n 294, th e o p e n in g w o rd s "W hoever d o e s , to th e a n n o y a n c e o f o th e r s " a n o b sc e n e a c t in p u b lic h a v e b e e n u s e d a s a co n d itio n p r e c e d e n t w h ich , to o u r m in d , is o b je c tio n a b le from Islam ic p o in t o f view . T h is , in f a c t, r e f le c ts E n g lish c o n c e p t o f m o ra lity .

11.In Islam th is c o n c e p t o f " p e o p le 's a c c e p te d m o rality " d o es n o t form th e b a s is o f law f o r , if th e q u e s tio n o f m o rality is le ft to its a c c e p ta b ility b y common m an, i t m eans th a t th e p eo p le b y c o u n tin g o f h e a d s may d ecid e a th in g to b e im m oral w h ich , a c c o rd in g to Q u r'a n i t is n o t, o r v ice v e r s a . It will th u s b e in c o n tra d ic tio n o f th e e x p r e s s Com m andm ent of A lm ighty A llah, w hich is n o t p e rm issib le in a n y c a se a n d in a n y form w h a ts o e v e r. R e fe r "L aw ,M o rality o f S o ciety " b y J u s tic e D r.T a n z il-u r-R a h m a n , (PLD 1989 J o u rn a l p a g e 9 4 ).

12.In P a k is ta n , law a n d m o ra lity h a v e to p la y a sp e c ia l ro le . In th e

No.60/1 of 1991 C o n s titu tio n o f P a k is ta n it h a s b e e n g u a ra n te e d t h a t no law will b e e n a c te d a g a in s t Islam . T h e w ord "Islam " is to b e u n d e rs to o d in i t s w id e st im p o rt a n d m ean in g . Islam is a com plete co d e o f life in w hich all th e p rin c ip le s g o v e rn in g o u r in d iv id u a l a s well co lle ctiv e life s ta n d p r e -d e te rm in e d in th e lig h t o f th e Q u r'a n a n d S u n n a h . T h e re fo r e , th e re s p o n s ib ilitie s o f o u r law -m ak in g in s titu tio n s a r e n o t o n ly g r e a te r b u t also d iff e r e n t from th o s e o f c o n te m p o ra ry in s titu tio n s o f th e W est. It is o u r d u ty to see t h a t o u r law s conform to Islam a n d c o rre s p o n d e x a c tly to Islam ic m oral v a lu e s , p a r tic u la r ly a f te r th e in s e rtio n o f A rtic le 2-A in th e C o n stitu tio n o f 1973.

13.We m ay also r e f e r to th e le a rn e d o b s e rv a tio n m ade b y M r.J u s tic e Muhammad Haleem th e th e n C h ief J u s tic e o f p a k is ta n in h is le a d in g ju d g m en t in B e n a z ir B h u tto v . F e d e ra tio n o f P a k is ta n (PLD 1988 S .C 4 1 6 )w h erein referring to th e Q u r’a n ic v e r s e 151 S u ra h A l-A nam ,V Is

(D raw n o t n e a r to sh am efu l d e e d s th a t w hich b e a p p a r e n t a n d th a t w hich b e c o n c e a le d ),

it h a s b e e n o b serv ed th a t -

" T h is b e in g th e m oral c o d e , e v e r y Muslim is e n jo in e d to o b e y i t . T h is v e r s e is th e to u c h s to n e w h at is m oral a n d w hat is im m oral. N e c e ss a rily , m o ra lity is p a r t a n d p a rc e l o f Islam ic Id eo lo g y o f P a k is ta n a n d in c lu d e d in th e e x p re s s io n 'I n te g r ity ' o f P a k is ta n '. T h e re fo r e , n o t o n ly in d iv id u a lly b u t also c o lle c tiv e ly Muslims h a v e to live w ith in a n e x c lu s iv e ly m oral fram ew o rk as e n jo in e d b y th e Holy Q u r'a n a n d th e S u n n a h . No c iv ilise d s o c ie ty c a n d e n y th is s ta n d a r d o f m o ra lity ...................."

I t g o es w ith o u t s a y in g t h a t m o ra lity p ro v id e s th e b a s is fo r th e s o c ie ty 's s p ir itu a l v a l u e s . . . . "

S-P.No.60/1 of 1991

14.T h e m an d ate o f A llah th e A lm ighty a s c o n ta in e d in th e above v e r s e is p r o h ib ito r y in n a tu r e - do n o t commit a n y sh am efu l d e e d s b e th a t o p e n o r s e c r e t ." It is g e n e ra l in n a tu r e a n d a n y c o n d itio n as to th e said sham eful d e e d to cause "annoyance to o th e r s " is n e ith e r a tta c h e d to i t n o r it m ay be allow ed to go w ith i t . T h e sh am efu l d e e d is to b e a n a ly se d o b je c tiv e ly in th e lig h t o f th e te a c h in g s o f Islam . It h a s n o t b e e n le ft to th e s u b je c tiv e captivity, b e c a u s e th e c o n c e p t o f o b s c e n ity d iff e r s b etw een man a n d m an. To c o n s id e r th e q u e s tio n o f im m orality a n d o b s c e n ity Muslim s o c ie ty is b o u n d to a p p ly s ta n d a rd s w hich a re p r e s c r ib e d in th e In ju n c tio n s o f Islam a s la id dow n in th e Holy Q u r'a n a n d S u n n a h 1.'

15.T h e A ra b ic w o rd V (" in d e c e n c ie s " ) a p p lie s to all k in d s o f im p u re a c t s , w hose o b s c e n ity is a b so lu te ly o b v io u s . T h e Q u r'a n d e c la re s a d u lte r y , sodom y, n u d is m , calu m n y , m a rria g e w ith f a t h e r 's wife as " in d e c e n c ie s ." B e sid e s th e s e , t h e f t , d rin k in g a n d b e g g a r y a re also in c lu d e d in th e lis t o f in d e c e n c ie s in th e T r a d itio n s . L ikew ise, all o th e r o b sc e n e a c ts a r e a lso in d e c e n c ie s a n d th e D ivine Comm andm ent d em an d s t h a t s u c h a c ts s h o u ld n o t be com m itted o p e n ly o r s e c re tly ." (T h e M eaning o f th e Q u r’an b y S .A b u l A’ala M a u d u d i,E n g lish r e n d e r in g b y Ch.M uham m ad A k b a r,V o l.III , p a g e 170).

16.F o r th e a fo re sa id d is c u s s io n , i t is d e c la re d t h a t 't h e p h ra s e "to th e a n n o y a n c e o f o th e r s " o c c u r in g in s e c tio n 294 P P C, is r e p u g n a n t to th e In ju n c tio n s o f Islam '. T h e F e d e ra tio n o f P a k is ta n is d ire c te d to d e le te th is p h r a s e w ith in six m o n th s from to d a y w h e re a fte r th e s a id p h r a s e o c c u rin g in

S-P.No.60/1 of 1991 -16-

m th e a fo re s a id p ro v is io n s h a ll c ea se to h a v e e ffe c t a n d th e ju d g m e n t o f th is C o u rt will b e o p e ra tiv e as a n d on from 7-11-1992.

In r e s u l t , th e p e titio n is p a r tly a c c e p t e d , t o ^ ^ e x t e r r ^ a s ^ t a te d h e re in -a b o v e .

D r . T a n z il-u r-R a h m a n ) C h ief J u s tic e

(D r.F id a Muhammad K han) Ju d g e

C-/4/ • *9 •

(M ir H azar K han K hoso) Ju d g e

Isla m a b ad , th e 7 th M ay, 1992_______

ABDUL RAHMAN/******

A p p ro v e d fo r r e p o r ti n g .

C.J.