Meer Muhammad (Appellant) VS The State (Respondent)

HIGH COURT OF SINDH, CIRCUIT COURT AT

HYDERABAD

Cr. Appeal No.S- 174 ot 2017 .

f 1. I L' t r,1. I t I t u t t t t u I r c' r y t r.t I' h t,\ t t t c, I r r r r. t

.,\ p;re llrr rr t 'l hlorrglr N'lr. llatluI (JlhoIilrllocirtt, "r ('ornplailralrl Norre llresclrt tlespitc rlirect irrtilnation nolice to thr: ('ornplairlrrrt's ('rrrrnscl lirr. torltrr

State 'l'hrough Nls, Sarra N,lcrrrolr ;\.1,.(i

Date of hearing 26.116.21t23

Datc ofJudgnrent 27.06.2023

.ILJ I)CNIIiNI' \IlrHAi\{N,I.,\t) I( z\ltlNl lr.llAN A(;lln ,,. - I'hror.r gh captioned aplteal, appellant I'ras irnpugned thc judgnrent ciatecl .j0.06.20 | 7, passecl by 'lear.nert Additional Sessions .ludge Hala ('l-rial court) in Sessions case No.07 of 2017 [1'he state versus Meer Mohal,rnacl]. outcome or Crime No.l69 ol.20l6 registerecl at P.S Hala Nerv for ollences punishable uncler section 295-B ppc, ulterebl' he has been convicted under Section 265-H(ii) cr.p.C ancl sentencecl to rigolous inrplisonnrent foL Iile uncler section 295-8 ppc; however. he has been arrarded Lrenetrt of Section 382-B Cr.lr.C.

2.ljitcts trl tllc citsc ittc that C'ontplainant (ilrulanr Ilaza lorl!:ctl lltc irbovc l:lll hr lller.ring tlral orr 19. l2 20l(r ltc uirs availal.rlc at N,lits.jirl Ilusnain rrnil irlicr..\sr Itllrcr lle clllrl,' ()LI1 ol'tlle N{lrsjitl rtl \lrtsllr ritrtl llorrlriillr [:'rriz \lrrllrrlnrlrrl lrn,l .\htlLrl 'lirtlblrr'. rt Itcrc lltct sarr .ne PL'r'srrlr c.r11111g lirrrn \,lttri trtrurrcls \,llisirrr rtlrtl. tire siritl pcrson stopped lris bikc thcle arrtl loolt sorrrclhing lionr lris lxrcl,ct urrtl tllrtrri'tt it irr dirlv Nlll. u'ltclctrpon tlrct, *,cnt the lc anrl sau'tlral srrrnc \\cl.r. \,e rscs o1'llol_t' QLrrarr. orrc policc c()ns[al)lc N,lashoorlLrc rr,irs also Prescnt tltcrc irr cii il clrcss attcl tllcv apltlchcttclcti tirc sairi pcrsorr. urcitrtwhilc SII, SickiiqLrc lvlallrrh als11 t'arllc llle lc itrltl lhe cttstod-t' ol'llrprclrcrrtlctl ltclsorr l,as hlrrrclt:tl o\ cr lo hirl: llrc itflrle llcll(lc(l l-rcrsott disclosed ltis rtirnrc as i\.1ccr' l\,lrrlrlrrrrrrarl sprr 9l'S6tlr1ur: SIl, \'ltrltiltltlltlitl Sitlriirltrc tool< iris pcrsonirl srirlelr. u lrcle-irlicl tlrci irll eunlr'irl l)()lic.

-l- stzttirrrr anrl ltrtlgccl thc FII{.

3.AI'ter legistlalion of FIR. investigation rvas cor.rciucted and on its conrpletiou challan was submittecl belbre the lear.necl .lLrdicial Magistrate coucerned. rvho look the cognizance of the nratter and sent up the R&ps to learned tlial Court, wherehy copies were supplied to accused at Ex.0l ancl formal charge was franred against hinr at Ex.02. to which he pleadecl not guilty ancl clairrred trial. ln support of their case, prosecution examined eight (0g) wituesses at Ex.03 to 10, rvho plodr"rced and recognizecl certain clocumel.Its at Ex.0l/A to' t

l0/A. therr prosecution closed its side at Ex.ll. Tlre statement of accused. as leqtrired rrnder section 342 Cr.p.c. was recordecl at Ex.l2. wherein he denied the allegations lcveled against hirn b1 the prosecution rr itnesses. T [e learlcd tr.iul co,rt finall1'. after heari*g the learned counsel fbr parties. convicted and sentenced the appellant, as mentioned supra. Hence the appellant has filed this appeal against his conviction.

a

4.The facts o[ the case as well as evidence produced befor.e the trial court find an elaborate nrention in the impugned .iudgnrent, ther.efore, the same are not rep.oduced here so as to avoid duplicatio, and u'necessary repetition.

5.Learned cotursel for the appellant ar.gued that the impug,ed judgnrent is contrar)' to lau' and lacts of the case and against the principles of crirninal .jr.rstice:

that prosecutiolt case is full of doubts and lealned tr.ial Cour.t has failed to give benellt of said doubt to appellant; that impugned judg,rent is i, violation of Section 367 cr.P.c; that appella,t belongs to shia sect while cornplaina,t parly belongs to Ahl-e-Hadith, tl.rerefore, there is sectarian difference between the palties. as such appellant has been falsely inrplicated in this case; that appellant specifically stated in his342 Cr.P.C statenrent that l.re has been implicared in this case due to sectarian enmity; that inrpugned judgnrent is result of nrisreading and uotl-reading of the evidence; that thel'e are nratelial contradictions in the evidence of prosecution witnesses; that impugned judgment is in utter disregalcl ancl of various verdicts of law. He lastly prayed f,or acquittal of appellant. In 'iolation sr'rppol'ts of his argumerrts he has relied upon the reported cases ol (i) i'ARlQ.

PIiItvAIZ's'l'he s'tAT'E [199] p cr.L..r 9551. (ii) MUIAI!{MAD sADIe and another vs The srATE [2003 yLR 2l l4], (iii) MUJEEB uR REHMAN The srAl'E [2018 YLR 389]. (iv) DouLAT vs The STATE 's [pLD 20r3 Sindh 2231, (r') MUHAMMAD BAKHSH vs'I'he s't'A'ili [pLD r956 sc 420],

(vi)MST. ASIA BIBI vs The srATE [pLD 20r9 sc 64], (vii) MUITAMMAD MANSHA 'l'he srATE 's [20r9 scMR 64] and one ,nreporled.ludg,re,t dated 09.11.2020 of a learned Singre Bench of this court passed i, cr. Appeal No.rg4 of 2006.

6.Despitc issuance of direct intimation ,otice on the Iast date of hear.ing in respect of todar,'s date and time fixed rratter lhe complainant's counsel was + called absent rvithout intinration despite his nanre appcarirrg in the cause list.

Under tlrese'cit'cttnrstances since the appellant lras been rotting in jail for the last 7 years and the cornplainant's counsel has notice of this case but prefen.ed to remain absent in the interest ofjustice I have proceeded to decide this appeal as ll.re interests of the cornplainant ca, be Iooked atter by learned ApG.

Lcarned APC strpported the impugned judgnrent and argued that prosecutiop has ptoved its case beyond a reasonable doubt based on r.eliable eye r,vitpess eyidelce

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arrd the judicial confessiorr of the appellant and as such the appeal should be dismissed.

1.After rny' reassessrnent of the evidence I find that the prosecution has NOT proved beyond a reasonable doubt the charge against the appellant keeping in view that each crinrinal case nrust be decided on its own palticular fhcts and circumstances fbl tlre lbllowing reasonsi

Y

(a)I trnd that the prosecution's case prinrarily rests, bttt not exclusively. on the evidence of the eye witnesses to the appellant throwing the verses of the Holy QLrran in the nruddy nalla. 4 eye witnesses ate nanred however only two of thenr gave evidence namely the complainant Ghulanr Raza and Abdul Jabbar. According to their evidence they saw the appellant throw the verses of the Holy Quran in a dirty nalla and then apprehended the appellant. The courplaiuant then retrieved the verses of tl:e Holy Quran fronr the dirty nalla which the appellant had tluown in the dirty Nala and gave thenr to tlre police. I do not find the evidence o[these two eye witnesses to be reliable, tnrst u,orth)'or confidence inspiring and disbelieve their evidence tbr the following reasons:

(i)That tlrere rvas enrnity betrveett the appellant and these eye witnesses as disclosed through cross exatttitratiort and the appellants S.142 Cr.PC statenrent irr that the appellant bblonged to one religious sect whilst the e1-e witnesses belongetl to arlother religious sect rvlrtt u'ere clead ly agairrst eaclr otlrer.

(ii)That it does not appeal to logic, reasoll or conlrlronsense that the appellant after tlrrowing verses of the Holy Quran in the dirty nalla which is a very serious offence would wait around otr his ntotor bike to be apprehended by the eye rvitnesses r.vlro saw his act fi'om half a KM and 2 acres away respectively. Natural ltuntan cottduct rvotrld have lead to hirrr inrrnediately leavirrg the crinre scerre.

(iii)Tlrat nrany persons carne at the tinre of the arrest of the appellant but none ofthenr were called as rvitnesses. In such like crinres it is usual lor the angry nrob to attack the culprit out of strong' religiotls serrtirnenUfervor however in this instance no suclr attack was rnade rvlrich does not tie in rvith the usual leaction ofa large crorvd in such like cases.

(iv)That according to these eye lvitnesses and otlrel rvitnesses this act ol desecration of the Hol1, Quran had been going on lor about E nronths. Once again it cloes rror appeal to logic, reason or conrnron sense that the witnesses rvoulcl allorv suclt conduct to go on unintert'upted lor'8 nlonths. lt appears fi'om the evidence that earlier sotne hindu's had been arlested for this ofl-ence howevel the IO tlid uot take theil staterrerrts and there is no record of rvhat happerred to thern. For such like offences in Pakistan the accused especiallf il he is a rnenrber of a rninority religious group is larely let off.

+ (v) That the Qulanic verses rvhich were throwu in the dirty nalla rvhen produced before the trial courl in an unsealed conditiorr rvele fourrd to be waterless. I have exarnined the photo's of tlre rvardat rvhich s,ere exhibited rvhich shorv that the rvardat was full of dirty rvater and as such it was impossible lor tlre Quranic verses rvhich rvere recovered fronr the dirty nalla to lre \valel less. Such velses tvould have lreen covered in dirt and ruined in large part by beinB soaked in water.lt is significant in this regard that accordirrg to his evidence the complainant on 23.12. 16. lour days alter the incident. took fiesh copies of the quranic verses to tlte -flris police under seal. is corroborated b1' PW 4 Mukhtiar Ali s,ho s'as declared a hostile rvitness and PW 3 Gulab. Thtrs, lfind that that no qtrranic verses were actually recovered at the scene and that such verses rvere handed over to lhe police 4 days later itr tvater less condition and t

2$z used.by the ccrntplailarrt and the police to lalsely irrrplicale rhe appellarrr in this case out of religious ennrity.

' (vi) That both these e5,e rvit,esses gave there s. r6 r cr.pC starerrrerls 4 da1,5 nn.,. the incident rvithout atry explanation for such clelay.

(b), "fwo irnportant eye witnesses,amery Faiz ancr pc Mashooque wrro was. the arresting officer were given up by trre prosecution ivithout explanatio, a,d as s,ch the inference under S.129(g) eanoon-e-Shahadat ordinance 1984 is that tlrey wourd not have supported trre prosecution v case.

(c)After his arresr the appellant was ,ot placed in the lock up of the PS but was instead placed in the cluarters or sHo Daran-uddin whr.r produced him before thejudicial ,ragistrate to give his confessio, one day after his arrest. SHo Daran-udclini l.,o*.re. was not called as a witnesi. The appellant clainrs that he was pressurized by tlre police to confess betore.the judicial rnagisrrate. The evidence or tire.iudicial nragistr.ate is particularlv urrirrrpressive and it appears fronr his eviclence that ni,st of thc procedural saf-eguards regarding the of the co,f'ession were ,ot adhe'ed to. For exaurple. afier nraking 'eco'ding his confessio. he ,u'as handed back to the police and not sent to jucliciat custody. The conl'essiou was made u,der oath which is impe.rrissible in law. In ihis respect reliauce is placed on the case of rariq Pervaiz (Supra). E'e, the coniession it selr:is sorne what contradictory to the prosecution evidence as in the conf'ession the appellant states that he was a.rested by a police party. Tlrere is no mention of the eye witu.esses wl.ro according to their evidence grabbed lrold of hirn and apprehended hirn. ThLrs, I have cloubts as to tlre voluntariness o[ the cont-ession and its object to state the truth and as such l place no reliance on it.

(d),o qrestion rvas prt to rhe appella,t regarcling his judicial.significantly, confession in his S.J42 Cr.l)c staternerrt and it is rvell settle-d bv nor'r' that the courl can place no reliance on it under such cir.cumstance, i,., convicting the accused.

( e) I-ike rvise the reco'ereci desecralecr ,,,erses clf the FIorv euran which the appellant was seen throwi,g ir-r the dir-ty nalla at the suid iinr., date and locatio, was rlot put to hinr for his comrnirrt clur.ing the recording of his s'342 Cr.PC statenreut arrcr as urentio.ecl above thisleing tlre cas!

this piece of evidence namely the aileged desec'ated u.rs.r or"tn. Hoiy Qut'au cannot be used to convict him rvirich i^ elrect ends the prosecutio. case j ust as the abse.ce of a crrerrical reporl would i, u no,"oti.r'.ura u,, there is rro evide,ce that the verses of the euran were desecrated by the appellant as they were not put to hirn at lhqtinre of recording tr;s d.tot Cr'.PC statetuent.

(f)The appella.t is entitled ro the benefit of cioubt as a ,latter of,right attd not cotlcr.ssir)lt and irr this casc ther.c iu.c ntiln.\ tltru[rls.

8 Refo'e Parring with this appear rwourd rike to obser.r,e that fi.onr the .tr speeches of thc' tbunder of this great narion eaid-e-Aza, Mohanrnred AIi Jinnah it can be deduced that pakistan was createcl as an Islanric state but nrinority communities would also fornr an equal part ol this great nation and rvould be respected. treated with dignity and have full rights and protections as guaranteed by the constitution and tlre law. Regrettably since pakistan,s cr.eation it appea.s that despite its lbunder"s wishes and vision religious intoler.ance is on the rise and is often used by the rnajorit-v Muslinr population to persec,te minority religious

?$e co.lmrnrtles or groups often by irrvolving the..r in t'alse cases of blasphenry lbr ,lte'io. ,rotives. lb. exa.rple, in orcler.to grab their. land. Blasphenry is undoubted a serious of fence and gentrine cases ntlst be tried with full force however ihe time has corne. for the legislature to re'iew the blasphenry laws and put.in place greater safe guards in order to prevent the misuse and abuse of the Blasphemy law as it is a gleat evil which plagues socier1,.

v 9. At this poi,t it would be worlh sc-tti,g out Mr. Ji,nah's Addr.ess of IIrr, August 1947 to the First constituent Assenrbly in mater.ial parr especially in so lar as it lelates to lcligious fi'eedonrs and the State lest rve tbrget or rnisinterpret our founder's vision for tlre nearly createrl State of pakistnn;

".llt. l,ra.,;iclertl (etruitl-c-Atun l.[olt rt ttttttul .,lli Jittruthl; l_culie.y ttntl Ct,nllt,t.tr!tl.

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'l lrc tt<'rr thin\! thot .\trike, ,tc i,s tlti.t. fiar:t: trgttirt i.r , lagut.r, y,hi<.lt lt..t hectt 1xr'tetl tn t, trs. ,|ltmg v'irh nutlt, t hur lhirtgs lqtxxl iurtl htr.l, lttts tnt.it el thi;; g'eul (t'il -lhe evil o.f. ncpt,tistn tnl johhc4,. Ihis t,t,i/ trttr.v ht, L.t.u.\lt(tl rclettlles.rl.l . I t'uttl lrt,ttttkL' it tlttita t'lt'tti rltlt I .tlrtil nat,(,t. tt)lLtrut( utt.t kltrl tl johht,r1.'. ttelnti.rtrr ur trnl.ittflturtte tliru:tl),or.indircttl.t. lrrutu!:l.rt lt, het,r rt1,,,,itr tc. ll hcrevcr l./intl tful ,\uch r)rLk'rtt( i.r itr rogttt:. or is cortritttring ,,,t.t,rrlter".

Iotr rtr ltigh. Lshull c,cttoinll. not ..outtletktltce it.

... .... M;rl thot sltull wt, tlo.) Nol,, lf t,e L,a t lo nnke lltis lrrcfil st(le ofr Pukisfttn htpp.r tnd rro'?(.totrs rtt, siorrrtr u'hofi-r trttd ,t-orcr.r t.t,t(etttr lc on the n,t:ll-htittl; o/'the peopla, unl npatiull.l, ,[ rlti rtt,t.r.tes rtttrl l.he poor. l./' .t,ou n'ill n,ork itt ttt-t1te rul iott, /or;iattittg lie'prtst, httyin* the Itutthat,.l't,u ttre bouttrl to sttctted. I./ -1,ttu t,ltittgi .t.o,r pust nttl tt,orh' togclltcr itt u spirit lhr cr'.,q, one of .t,ott, ,to ,rt ttcr to rtihir tomntunil-1, he hclortgs, rto ttt ll('r ro wltor t'outmunir.l he rtarongs, n, nt fi(r n'hot rernritrt,; he hii tt,ith ,ntu itt tlte pusr, tto tnt,fie r vltut is his . t ('usrl, or t'rta , it.f irst, tl 'fir,priyilcgc.t urrtl ohligtttiotts Itt.sl tt.itii.en ol'tltis srfire wirh aquol righr';, 'eto rttt lherr tt,ill lrc no t,ttl ftt thc pntgrcss,lttu tyill nrulc.

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I urrtrtrtl etnltlttsitc it loo tttttt'lt. ll'c sltotrlrl hegirt lo rt,rtrL itt tlttrl .spirit urtt! irt crtur.\e ol tittte ull lhcse u tt l.l ttlttritic.t ol tltc ntujrtril.l'tttttl trtitroril.t'L'ortrntrrrrilit,.t nr\ -- tlte lIittrlrr t'rttnnt tt tt il-1' tttttl tltt ,llttslirtr t,ttnttnrttril.y. -- hccutrsc t,ra1 tts. rL'grtnl: rlltrslinn.t,ott ltuyc lrrrtltutrs, lrttrt.juhi.s,,Sltiu.s,,\ttrrtrit uutl .\t) t,l tt(l tttttttttg llto llittttttt .ll4 httyt, llrrtltttirts, l,:tlrrrrtyrtt, fuhrttrit, ttl.ttt llt,nyulctt. rllurltu.tis rtttrl .so ott -- rt'i!l vurri.th. lttdeetl il .t'ott rtsh ntt' tlti.\' lttt.t ltecrt tlta higgest lrirtlrtrtc'c in Iha n'u.y rtf ltrtlio rt) !t(it, its.freciottt uurl itrtlcpa tt rla ttt.e ttttil ltttl .fitr this wa wotrltl htw haatt.fi.t'a paoltle.; ltttrg lttrtg rtgo, No l()\)e r (.un Iroll trttotlrcr rtttiou, rrrttl spatiull.t, u ,totiou (1 400 million.t'sortl:; iu.tttlticr:liorr; tro hotll' cortld ltuve conqttcretl -1,otr, utrtl cvcu i.f il hutl hupltenctl. rto hotl.1't,ouhl Iruvt t'otttitrttel it:^ ltoltl o,t -t ()u fi)r rrtr.y lcttTitlt of tinu, hrrt ./itr. this. (,4pplurt.te.) 'l'ltertf0rc \'( ttutsl learrt u lessorr fiortt llti,r. l'tttt tre fi'ct': -r'ttu trt.fi'cc lo llt, l() .1'rtur larnltles, )'t)u ur(!.fiea lo !:() lo ,t,our t osqu(t ot, lo n.t, other ploccs of I ror.tltip irt tltis ,\tntc o.[ Irul;istutt. l'otr ttrrt.1, halttrtg lo ttn.y rcliT;iott or L,fi|lc t)r . r((tl -- tltul lttts ttltltittg trt tltt tt'itlt tlte husirtess 0l tltc Sltla (l.Icor, hcur)...,1s -t' tt litttnr', lti,tlor.l,sholt5 lltttt itt I--ttglurttl <ttrtlitiotts !otlc tifile rtgo u'arc mut,lt n'rtr.tc lltun thote prcroilittg in lrttlitr lt>tlu.t'. 'l'ha Ilotttrrrt ctlltolit's utrtl tlte l'role.slotrls 1tt'rt^c(llcd ctt.lt olhL,r. Eyttt ttrnt, lharc rrro.iotttt,,\lutt:.t in as.i.slcnre tttltctc lltert rtre tlisrritnittrtliotts nturlt rttttl hurs inrposctl uNuitt.\t tt purliLttlrtr t lt'vt. T lttttth ottl n'e ur( ttol \r rliux itt thosr rll.st. l!'a ttr(, .\rut tinl: irt lha rlt_l .t tt'ltctt llttrc is tto tli:;crintitttliott, no tli.ttittt'tiott htttt,catt t)ttc ('t)tntlurtil.t, ttn(l ttttolll{!t', ttrt tlist'ritttittrtlirtn hL'lratn (,ttc (it.\l( rtr t'rtt'tl utrl ulrtlht,r. ll't, tra .\1fifiifi!: tt'itlr tltis .fitrt tntertlul print,iltle thttt t'a urc rtll t,iti:.L,rr\ uud lqlul citize rr.t o.f ottc Stute. (l,ourl rr1t1tlrrtr.t.e.) 'l'he purytla tt/ Iittglttrttl in tttut..tt, of'litrtt: Itttrl to .fut'1, tht, rc ilit.t rtf tlrL, titrrotiotr trrrtl lrrttl to tli:thrtrgt tltt rL'sportsiltilities uttd hnrderts plntcd ulsotr tlrctrt lt.t, lltt y;orcrtrtrtt,trt ol tltL,ir routtlt't' ttrttl lha.1, n.tttl llrruu;;lt tlttl.firc .\'t(p h.l. .tlcp. 7'0tlu.y rt ttrigltl .*r.r r.illt "y .jtt.r'tite lltol llonrtttt culltoliLs ttnl I'nttt.rttt t t.t lo ttol L'-ti.sl: rrltttl c-ri.sl.s ttltt i.t t

lhut at,ar.l'trtrttt is tt <,itizott, tttt aqtrul tititatt, o/ Greul llritttiu urttl lhc.y urc ull rttr,rn ha r:; of tha nuliort.

.\'rttt', I lltirtlt 'l.'t' :sltortltl Aealt rhor itt liottt rrf' tts o.t otrr idctl rrul .t'rtu rt,itt./itttt ll tl it, L'onr\( tl tinrc Ilitt rts tt,oulrl caute lo hc llirttltr.r rntl il.l uslirtt.s nttultl (L'ttsL'lo hc llluslints, nol it, ll,a rcligious sett.tc, hautusa thrrl is lhe pqr.totrttl { /rrith o/ cttt'lt ittdivirltutl, httt itt tltc politit.ttl s(ttsa .\ t.itizurs of tltc Strttr. (bolcl added)

10.F-or thc rc.lsons nrentionud abcrl.c l.hc appcllant is acrltritrccl trl the cirar.gc.

thc' inrpr-rgttccl .judgment is set asiclL'. the appc'al is allo."r'ecl and thc allpellant shall be Leleasecl proviclecl that he is uot wanted in an-v', other.custocly case.

5an rr!L\!r-r c!!u .rt

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